Functions of Animals
This unit covers the complex nature of the structure and function of the different organ systems in animals with special emphasis on the life processes.
1. Nutrition and Digestion
- Types of Nutrition
- Types of Digestion
- Human Digestive System
- Process of Digestion
- Absorption of Nutrients
- Assimilation
- Egestion
- Neural and Harmonal Control of Digestion
- Role of Liver in Metabolism
- Digestive Disorders
2. Respiration
3. Excretion
- Modes of Removal of Nitrogenous Wastes
- Excretary Organs in Humans
- Formation of Urine
- Renin-angiotensin and Atrial Natriuretic Factor
- Osmoregulation by Kidney
- Haemodialysis and Kidney Transplantation
- Role of Liver in Excretion
4. Circulation of Body Fluids
- Functions and Types of Circulatory System
- Organs of Human Circulatory System
- Immunity
- Disorders Related to Blood & Heart
5. Locomotion and Movement
- Types of Movements for Locomotion
- Muscular Movements
- Human Skeleton System
- Muscular and Skeletal Disorders
6. Nervous System
- Functions of Nervous System
- Nervous System of Humans
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Neuron
- Reflex Action
- Sense Organs
7. Endocrine System
8. Homeostasis: The Steady State
- Concept of Homeostasis
- Thermoregulation
- Endotherms and Ectotherms
- Mechanism of Thermoregulation in Humans
9. Nutrition and Health
- Classification of Food
- Macronutrients and Micronutrients
- Carbohydrate
- Fats
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water and Roughage
- Energy Requirements of Body
- Balanced Diet
10. Human Diseases
- Meaning of Health and Disease
- Types of Diseases
- Modes of Spread of Communicable Diseases
- Protein Energy Malnutrition
- Mineral Deficiency Diseases
- Excessive Intake of Food
- Diseases Caused by Viruses
- Diseases Caused by Bacteria
- Diseases Caused by Protozoans
- Diseases Caused by Worms
- Non-Communicable Diseases
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases